Epidemiology:
Thyroid cancer is relatively rare but has been increasing in recent years. It's more common in women and often diagnosed in people aged 30-60.
Risk Factors:
Risk factors include exposure to radiation, family history of thyroid cancer, and certain genetic conditions.
Signs & Symptoms:
Thyroid cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. As it progresses, symptoms can include a lump or swelling in the neck, difficulty swallowing, and voice changes.
Diagnostic Workup:
Diagnosis involves imaging tests like ultrasound and a biopsy to confirm cancer. Blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels may also be done.
Staging:
Staging determines the extent of cancer spread. It ranges from Stage I (localized to the thyroid) to Stage IV (spread to distant organs).
Treatment:
Treatment options include surgery to remove the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy), radioactive iodine therapy, and sometimes radiation or chemotherapy. Hormone replacement therapy is often needed after thyroid removal.
Prognosis:
Most thyroid cancers have a good prognosis, especially if detected early. The outlook depends on the type and stage of cancer, with high survival rates for most cases. Regular follow-up is important for monitoring and managing thyroid cancer.
